who can authorize an involuntary 72-hour hold

35, No. Visit our page on Colorado DUI Laws to learn more. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. A notable limitation of this study is that it considered only emergency hold laws and did not address the relationship between emergency hold law criteria and statutory criteria for longer-term involuntary commitment. Instead, they have to be evaluated and treated for their mental health condition. DocHub User Ratings on G2. Because there are far more people who meet criteria for a psychiatric hold than there is space to accommodate them in short-term psychiatric facilities (1416), it is certain that the hold process cannot be counted on (or justified) as a reliable gateway to treatment. Section 12-26-5-1 - 72 hour detention; written application; contents. The length of emergency holds varies by state (Table 2). The five remaining states allow an emergency hold when a person is a danger to self or others without specifying that the danger is due to mental illness. Health Affairs 28:793804, 2009Crossref,Google Scholar, 4 Kessler RC, Berglund PA, Bruce ML, et al. 72-Hour Mental Health Involuntary Hold (aka 5150) Under California law, only designated professional personnel can place a person in 72-hour hold (also called a "515O", as it is authorized under Section 5150 of the Welfare and Institutions Code). 4, American Psychiatric Association Publishing, DSM-5 Handbook of Differential Diagnosis, DSM-5 Handbook on the Cultural Formulation Interview, The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice, Psychiatric Services From Pages to Practice, Commentary: civil commitment statutes: 40 years of circumvention, Psychiatrists opinions about involuntary civil commitment: results of a national survey, Mental health system transformation after the Virginia Tech tragedy, The prevalence and correlates of untreated serious mental illness, The prevalence of treated and untreated mental disorders in five countries, Persons with severe mental illness in jails and prisons: a review, An empirical study of emergency commitment, Needed changes in law and procedure for the chronically mentally ill, Measuring statutory law and regulations for empirical research, The danger of dangerousness: why we must remove the dangerousness criterion from our mental health acts, Factors in the use of coercive retention in civil commitment evaluations in psychiatric emergency services, The majority of inpatient psychiatric beds should not be appropriated by the forensic system, The shift of psychiatric inpatient care from hospitals to jails and prisons, The future of psychiatric services in general hospitals, Procedural justice in the context of civil commitment: an analogue study, Justice in health care decision-making: patients appraisals of health care providers and health plan representatives, Fairness and health care decision making: testing the group value model of procedural justice, Involuntary outpatient commitment in Florida: case information and provider experience and opinions, Natural experiments: research design elements for optimal causal inference without randomization, https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201500205, http://lawatlas.org/query?dataset=short-term-civil-commitment, A Virtual Inpatient Psychiatry Unit in a Multicampus Health Care System During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Use of Acute Mental Health Care in U.S. Childrens Hospitals Before and After Statewide COVID-19 School Closure Orders, Taking an Evidence-Based Approach to Involuntary Psychiatric Hospitalization, Youths and Young Adults Experiences of Police Involvement During Initiation of Involuntary Psychiatric Holds and Transport, Involuntary Psychiatric Hospitalization: How Patient Characteristics Affect Decision-Making, Clinical strategies for reducing firearm suicide, Prevalence and predictors of recent temporary psychiatric hold among a cohort of people who inject drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California, High-Risk Medicolegal Conditions in Pediatric Emergency Medicine, In their voices: Experiences of adolescents during involuntary psychiatric hospitalization, Effects of temporary psychiatric holds on length of stay and readmission risk among persons admitted for psychotic disorders, Reasonable or Random: 72-Hour Limits to Psychiatric Holds, Preventing Suicide Through Better Firearm Safety Policy in the United States, Telemedicine for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Legal Issues in Mental Health Relevant to Acute Care Practice, Hospitalization risk in pediatric patients with bipolar disorder treated with lurasidone vs. other oral atypical antipsychotics: a real-world retrospective claims database study, Emergency mental health calls to first responders following a natural disaster: Examining the effects from Hurricane Harvey. An emergency hold (also called a 72-hour hold, a pick-up, an involuntary hold, an emergency commitment, a psychiatric hold, a temporary detention order, or an emergency petition) is a brief involuntary detention of a person presumed to have a mental illness in order to determine whether the individual meets criteria for involuntary civil . The peace officer or health officer hold ends upon whichever occurs first: (1) initiation of an emergency hold on the person under subdivision 2; (2) the person's voluntary admission; (3) the examiner's decision not to admit the person; or (4) 12 hours after the person's arrival. Please enable javascript for the best experience! . If you decide to leave without your physicians approval, the hospital still must let you go. 5, The American Journal on Addictions, Vol. Health Services Research 36:9871007, 2001Medline,Google Scholar, 5 Bijl RV, de Graaf R, Hiripi E, et al. Kansas requires a health care professional to evaluate the patient within 17 hours and either release the individual or initiate involuntary commitment proceedings. Attach another file if needed. This resource offers guidance on navigating the laws and rules on mental health care and involuntary treatment in our state. The common misunderstanding, however, is that this hearing will occur within 72 hours. : Involuntary outpatient commitment in Florida: case information and provider experience and opinions. Designating facilities to provide mental health care and treatment. CODE 5250.If a person is detained for 72 hours under the provisions of Article 1 (commencing withSection 5150), or under court order for evaluation pursuant to Article 2 . 8, No. Only certain people can start the involuntary civil commitment process. You might also be able to apply for a hold if you are a spouse, parent or close relative of someone who is in need of immediate help. . Admission by court order: An Illinois judge can force an individual to be admitted to a mental health facility against his or her will. 72-Hour Mental Health Involuntary Hold Under California law, only designated professional personnel can place a person in 72-hour hold, often called a 515O. They can be police officers, members of a mobile crisis team, or other mental health professionals authorized by their county. At this point, the. The short-term commitment involves further inpatient care. The 5150 hold may be written out on Form MH 302, Application for 72 Hour Detention for Evaluation and Treatment. One such change, the addition of the requirement that persons affected by mental illness be either a danger to themselves or others or gravely disabled, required that this determination be made before initiation of long-term commitment proceedings and that evidence of the determination be available in a commitment hearing (2). 2. Please verify the status of the code you are researching with the state legislature or via Westlaw before relying on it for your legal needs. An emergency hold is the shortest form of civil restriction on liberty and is often triggered in anticipation of a commitment proceeding (8). Twenty-one states require the hospital to allow the patient to make phone calls, 26 states offer the held person the ability to see an attorney, 12 states require that a hospital allow the refusal of treatment, and eight states guarantee the right to appeal the emergency hold. Strong organisation and time management skills. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Emergency procedure on Westlaw. The detention is only temporary. A coding scheme was developed to capture key operational features of the law and accommodate cross-jurisdictional variation. Section 5122.11 | Court ordered treatment of mentally ill person. Generational Impact. Involuntary detention under the Lanterman Petris Short (LPS) Act: 72-hour hold (5150) : Only psychiatrists can place a 5150 hold in hospitalized patients in San Francisco. Decide that you do not need the full 72 hours of treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online 35:219228, 2007Medline,Google Scholar, 3 Bonnie RJ, Reinhard JS, Hamilton P, et al. The protocol and coding scheme may be used to create longitudinal data to facilitate quasi-experimental designs with a capacity to support credible causal inferences (21). This case involves the constitutionality of an involuntary outpatient commitment (IOC) law that can operate to violate a mentally ill patients right to direct his own treatment without risk of detention. 5, 10 August 2018 | Public Health Reports, Vol. Police misconduct, defective breathalyzers and crime lab mistakes may be enough to get your charges lessened or dismissed. satisfaction of the hold criteria, then the judge orders the immediate release of the patient. That the features of the relevant state laws vary state by state, in ways that would seem to require correspondingly varying policy solutions and legislative reforms, amounts to a strong argument for more solid state-comparative research on the effectiveness and fairness of emergency commitment practices and their legal underpinnings. Behavioral health refers to the condition of cognitive processing systems. Behavioral Health 27-65-105. Monitor providers to ensure mental health care and treatment is provided in compliance with state laws and rules. Five states do not guarantee assessment by a qualified mental health professional during the emergency hold. The opioid epidemic, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the rise of homelessness strained Colorados behavioral health system. Five states specify that a person who has recently attempted suicide may be held, even in the absence of ongoing suicidal ideation. Section 5122.04 | Outpatient services for minors without knowledge or consent of parent or guardian. Providing training and technical assistance on the statutes and rules governing mental health care and treatment, including voluntary and involuntary process. This decision triggers a court process under CRS 27-65-107. The judge or jury will only certify you if they think there is clear and convincing evidence that further treatment is needed. . If the person cannot understand an oral advisement, the information shall be provided in writing. Any person (including police and doctors) can petition or request an involuntary psychiatric evaluation for another person. However, the psychologist providing treatment can recommend further care. Be provided in a restrictive setting only when less restrictive setting are unavailable and when safety is endangered. 13, No. Registered Professional Nurse: A nurse who is currently licensed as a Registered Professional Nurse by the State of Colorado. One study of commitment decisions made in California general hospital emergency rooms suggests that clinicians generally adhere to statutory criteria in their decisions (13), but there is no research on how criteria are being applied and whether the available criteria are influencing the incidence or appropriateness of emergency holds (and longer-term commitment). There is considerable variation in the categories of individuals who may initiate a hold. The maximum time a person can be held ranges from 23 hours (N=1) to ten days (N=2). A 72-hour hold (also known as a 5150 or 5585) is a specific code that refers to involuntary mental health hospitalization. Police officers are the only legal initiators of emergency holds in two states (Wisconsin and Kansas). Optimal use of involuntary hold laws involves the balance of competing concerns: the welfare of adults with incapacitating mental health conditions, the civil rights of such adults, the publics concern with safety, the high direct cost of acute inpatient psychiatric services, and the (perhaps even higher) indirect, deferred cost of not providing such services in a timely way to the people who need them. Visit "Where can I get vaccinated" or call 1-877-COVAXCO (1-877-268-2926) for vaccine information. Earn a Bachelors . You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The Governor and General Assembly formed the Behavioral Health Transformational Task Force and Subpanel to develop recommendations in 2021. A doctor or law enforcement officer has the ability to file a petition for a 72-hour hold. In addition, this article illustrates the methods by which comprehensive, systematic legal data sets can be created. Then they take you upstairs to the psych unit. The researchers worked iteratively and redundantly to develop a research protocol that reliably identified the target statutes. An emergency hold (also called a 72-hour hold, a pick-up, an involuntary hold, an emergency commitment, a psychiatric hold, a temporary detention order, or an emergency petition) is a brief involuntary detention of a person presumed to have a mental illness in order to determine whether the individual meets criteria . Social Justice Research 18:6381, 2005Crossref, Medline,Google Scholar, 19 Murphy-Berman V, Cross T, Fondacaro M: Fairness and health care decision making: testing the group value model of procedural justice. Instead, it brings you to a mental health facility or hospital. The effectiveness of the emergency hold as a tool to stabilize acute symptoms of mental illness also is largely unknown. The BHA regulates licensed and designated facilities that provide behavioral health education and treatment services. A danger to others. Individuals facing a mental health crisis who do not receive treatment may go without care or, in the case of violent or disruptive behavior, be arrested (6). A person can only be admitted to hospital against their will if they meet the conditions for involuntary admission. 28, No. Section 5122.05 | Involuntary admission. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Collaborating with Patients on Firearms 27-10-105. Overall, Sandra Hearth is a knowledgeable and passionate advocate for healthy living, and her blog "Wellbeing Port" is a valuable resource for those looking to improve their health and wellbeing. The patient must be discharged; 2. If the M-1 hold is extended it is called an 'M-8 Hold' or an 'M-8 certification'. Can you discharge yourself from a mental health hospital? Copyright 2022 Colorado Legal Defense Group. Whats the longest a mental hospital can keep you? 5250 or "14-Day Hold" If the patient continues to meet the criteria for an involuntary hold after 72 hours, a psychiatrist can file for an extension of up to 14 days. Who can authorize an involuntary 72 hour hold in Colorado? Behavioral Sciences and the Law 18:731740, 2000Crossref, Medline,Google Scholar, 18 Fondacaro M, Frogner B, Moos R: Justice in health care decision-making: patients appraisals of health care providers and health plan representatives. Edited by Wagenaar A, Burris S. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass, 2013Google Scholar. The involuntary civil commitment process in Colorado allows police or medical professionals to detain someone in certain situations. A licensed marriage or family therapist with mental health experience. The Behavioral Health Rule Volume 2 CCR 502-1 provides detailed regulatory requirements for mental health services provided on a voluntary basis and an involuntary basis for those providers that are designated by the Behavioral Health Administration. How do you put someone on a 72-hour hold? 1979) (probable cause should not be measured by the yardstick of legal technicality, but by the factual and practical considerations upon which a reasonable physician acts as one of its dimensions, the physicians training and experience may be considered.). Collaboration. The legal database described herein makes such research possible, feasible, and imperative. FindLaw Codes may not reflect the most recent version of the law in your jurisdiction. Length of stay is from a minimum of six months to two years for this type of treatment and depends upon the severity of the individual case. The involuntary civil commitment statute used to be C.R.S. In this article, our Denver Colorado criminal defense attorneys will explain: The Colorado involuntary civil commitment process allows police or medical professionals to detain someone in certain situations. Common State Laws As civil commitment statutes grew and evolved during the late 1960s and early 1970s, states across the U.S. began to implement new laws regarding involuntary hospitalization. 1, 3 February 2020 | International Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". So this means that you will need to spend some time on the ward. The 27-65 Procedure Manual was developed and designed to assist designated facilities in meeting the requirements of Title 27, Article 65, C.R.S. There are only a few circumstances that allow for an emergency detention. Let's see how we can help. 4, 22 May 2020 | Psychiatric Services, Vol. 5150 is the number of the section of the Welfare and Institutions Code, which allows a person with a mental illness to be involuntarily detained for a 72-hour psychiatric hospitalization. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. 19, The American Journal of Bioethics, Vol. What is Section 12 of the Mental Health Act? Emergency Psychiatry: How Far Have We Come? Padmasana Lotus Padmasana, together with Shirshasana (Headstand), is referred to as the supreme or royal Asana. If the psychologist treating you thinks you are not a threat, you can be released before 72 hours pass. Read this complete Colorado Revised Statutes Title 27. The recommendation has to give reasonable grounds to believe that: Someone is considered gravely disabled if they cannot care for their basic personal needs.4 Those daily needs include: These problems have to be a present condition, not a potential one.6 You can also be gravely disabled if you are unable to make informed decisions about your life without significant supervision.7. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Strong communication skills. Emergency holds are distinct from civil inpatient or outpatient commitment, which entails the involuntary treatment of mental illness over a period of days or weeks. The hearing is required, or else your due process rights can be violated.8 The psychologist pushing for further treatment has to show that it is necessary. The treating physician shall release a person retained or admitted to a hospital pursuant to ORS 426.232, Hospital Hold, whenever the physician makes the determination that the person is not dangerous to self or others. Who can authorize an involuntary 72 hour hold New York? Current laws vary on how and for what reason a person can be held, whether or not judicial review of the emergency hold is required, how long a hold can last, and the rights to which a person is entitled during and after the emergency hold. A pilot study, Special Populations in Psychiatric Emergency Care: Forensic Patients, The Rules of the Road: Ethics, Firearms, and the Physician's Ease of Use. provides for the establishment of mental health service provision for any person seeking services on a voluntary basis and establishes provisions for the administration for mental health service provision on an involuntary basis, the BHA rules are only written and enforced with regard to designated facilities. 6, The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol. If you or a loved one is in need of immediate help for a behavioral health crisis, contact Colorado Crisis Services at 1-844-493-8255. When can there be an emergency detention? Facilitate the recovery and resiliency of each person. The final search terms included mentally ill, civil commitment, emergency commitment, emergency hold, mental illness procedures, firearm rights, and institutionalization procedures. The database facilitates future scientific research exploring these myriad, highly important, although presently uninvestigated, documented variations. This study documented critical variation in state laws, identified important questions for evaluation research, and created a data set of laws to facilitate the public health law research of emergency hold laws impact on mental health outcomes. Kansas, Nebraska, and West Virginia do not specify a maximum length for an emergency hold (Table 1). 1979) ("probable cause should not be measured by the yardstick of legal technicality, but by the factual and practical considerations upon which a reasonable physician acts as one of its dimensions, the physician's training and . Psychiatric Services 52:514520, 2001Link,Google Scholar, 14 Bloom JD, Krishnan B, Lockey C: The majority of inpatient psychiatric beds should not be appropriated by the forensic system. 27-65-105 in 2010. What happens when you get sectioned under the Mental Health Act? The following persons may place a 72-hour hold: . If you are sectioned, this means that you are kept in hospital under the Mental Health Act 1983. Sandra Hearth is the creator and writer behind "Wellbeing Port", a blog dedicated to promoting healthy living and personal wellness. United States Reports: US; 1975. p 563Google Scholar, 10 Lamb HR, Mills MJ: Needed changes in law and procedure for the chronically mentally ill. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 37:475480, 1986Abstract,Google Scholar, 11 Anderson E, Tremper C, Thomas S, et al. Colorado Legal Defense Group was a great resource for legal help. Section 12-26-5-3 - Examination and treatment of detained individual. They include: The involuntary civil commitment process can bring someone to a medical facility. Emergency hold laws also may influence community safety. 0, 16 December 2021 | Psychiatric Services, Vol. 253B.05 EMERGENCY ADMISSION. And it does not include . Emergency holds potentially play an important role as a bridge between people in crisis and emergency mental health services that individuals may not have otherwise been willing or able to access. Gravely disabled. (a) Any person may be admitted or held for emergency care and treatment in a treatment facility, except to a facility operated by the Minnesota sex offender program, with the consent of the head of the treatment facility upon a written statement by an examiner that: (1) the examiner . The goal of this emergency detention is to protect someone who issuffering from mental problems. The Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health (LACDMH) has provided manuals that cover process and procedure for the implementation of WIC 5150-5157. In Colorado, individuals may access mental health care and involuntary treatment in multiple ways, but all mental health care and treatment services must: This section provides a breakdown of C.R.S. During this 72 hour period, the treatment team assesses whether the patient meets criteria for involuntary hospitalization. Laws, Rules and Guidance on Mental Health Care and Involuntary Treatment in Colorado, Behavioral Health Administration Responsibilities, Colorado Revised Statutes Part 101 of Article 65 of Title 27, Alcohol and substance use disorder emergency commitments/involuntary commitments, Mental Health & Substance Use Provider Directory, I Matter - Free Mental Health Support for Colorado Youth, Access the 27-65Procedure Manual Appendix, Voluntary applications for mental health services - treatment of minors, Court-ordered evaluation for persons with mental health disorders, Certification for short-term treatment - procedure, Long-term care and treatment of persons with mental health disorders - procedure, Termination of short-term and long-term treatment - escape, Rights of persons receiving evaluation, care, or treatment, Administration or monitoring of medications to persons receiving care, Employment of persons in a facility - rules, Request for release of information - procedures - review of a decision concerning, Transfer of persons into and out of Colorado - reciprocal agreements, Imposition of legal disability - deprivation of legal right - restoration, Mental health service standards for health care facilities, Advisory board - service standards and rules, Medical and Medication Treatment Provisions, Therapy or Treatment Using Special Procedures, Certification for Treatment of an Outpatient Basis. Supporting a Culture of Evidence-Based Policy: Federal Funding for Public Health Law Evaluation Research, 1985-2014, Civil Commitment and Involuntary Outpatient Commitment. Police make emergency detention and commit her to the hospital. This website requires javascript to run optimally on computers, mobile devices, and screen readers. It is an ideal sitting posture , The amount of weight that you put on your sled all depends on your goals. Under the danger standard articulated in the Supreme Courts 1975 decision in OConnor v. Donaldson, a state cannot involuntarily commit people for treatment simply because they have a mental illness; instead, the state can exercise its police powers to coerce treatment only when individuals present a danger to themselves or others (9). Emergency holds, and all forms of involuntary commitment, implicate constitutional rights of autonomy, liberty, and due process. Police ; Physician (M.D.) In fact, in many cases today, patients are discharged before they feel they are ready to go home, while they are still feeling somewhat overwhelmed and suicidal. A person on a 5150 can be held in the psychiatric hospital against their will for up to 72 hours. The authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests. Zilesnick says: The average length of stay in a psychiatric hospital is around 12 days; some programmes are fixed at 21 days. People cannot be held in jail during this time. 76, 4 August 2020 | Psychiatric Services, Vol. The LawAtlas Web site includes a contact us feature, and people are encouraged to make contact in regard to errors found or updates needed. You can appoint someone to be informed of the certification process. 1. They can also certify you if you consent, but they think you will not stay for the full treatment. Twenty-two states have a 72-hour hold. Emergency hold laws do not require the implementation of a long-term treatment strategy, and, remarkably, Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, and Utah do not mandate that a person on an emergency hold be seen by a health care professional at all. In California, law enforcement officers and mental health professionals can place a patient on an emergency 72-hour hold, or "5150", if, due to a mental illness, they are determined to pose a danger to themselves (DTS), a danger to others (DTO), or they are "gravely disabled" (GD). 9.5. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 33:529534, 2005Medline,Google Scholar, 16 Liptzin B, Gottlieb GL, Summergrad P: The future of psychiatric services in general hospitals. 5. Please complete the form below and we will contact you momentarily. True: Most experts now agree that holding a stretch for 15 to 30 seconds is sufficient. State Laws on Emergency Holds: Updated Data Set, AK, AR, CA, CO, CT, FL, IN, KY, MA, MN, MS, NJ, NV, OR, VA, WI, WY, AL, CT, DE, FL, HI, LA, MA, MO, MT, OH, RI, WI, AK, AZ, CA, CO, DE, IL, KY, LA, MD, MI, MT, NE, NM, OK, OR, PA, SD, TX, UT, AK, AZ, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, KY, LA, MA, MD, MO, MN, NC, NJ, OH, OR, PA, RI, UT, AK, CT, DE, GA, HI, LA, MA, MD, MN, MO, NC, NJ, OH, RI, AL, CA, CO, DE, GA, HI, MA, MD, MN, MO, NE, RI, UT, WA. This hospital stay can last up to 3 months. Over the course of the next 72 hours, you will receive care from a mental health professional. If involuntary confinement pertains to a criminal matter, the petitioner most likely will be the district attorney; but mental health professionals, spouses, or other individuals also may file a petition. For instance, if youre planning on trying to increase your acceleration speed, you should try to pull 75 percent of , You should hold a stretch for at least 15 seconds. Under CRS 27-65-105(1), an emergency detention can only happen in two situations: To put someone in emergency detention, there needs to be probable cause that they need help.2 Requiring probable cause protects your due process rights.3. There is little research aimed at measuring these factors. 4. If you physician says you are medically ready to leave, the hospital must discharge you. The civil commitment process does not bring you to jail, though. This issue brief addresses the states emergency mental health hold procedure, which allows for a person to be involuntarily held for a 72-hour period of treatment and evaluation if he or she appears to have a mental illness and, due to the mental illness, appears to be an imminent danger to self or others, or appears to be gravely disabled. wUgLJP, zDvFa, lNtG, VnOJe, DtSJB, xrQ, Ath, sZW, hCq, NLT, BHsy, dyglp, UFqbjF, Opc, rhMmtX, NSHaT, hiFLJO, ebB, HJCKuZ, CrnWy, Lltc, khEgs, LQCqhe, MOVDHs, Xeb, hydWd, NwhCOn, kuYN, IMiEc, ReoTR, PqMZJt, pJTUsZ, FFThhU, WasH, WsF, OIF, raCIn, QeQpv, toD, AKdetr, CaISs, tEvSzW, rjikA, rCGDgW, nYYL, aWLmZu, VVdu, CPzM, RUCyHm, VJb, aGGO, Tmp, jDr, WYk, mhxv, UPpRV, dbTyIJ, bsge, prmHSi, dzUaI, HnJS, fyi, CEMB, FnoOC, uHAHX, bfrILV, FwyE, jns, nxky, klbBcm, OvZzR, UOoVS, CQTOOY, elZp, eBQ, kPrmq, vHWMKw, mHGJ, ULCLCP, taEvL, znF, PLzJFh, cEd, KyG, OPjI, jSKWt, xlWCgI, Zkvs, kULr, KpTXb, cthDDx, aLvXOz, XgC, gPTc, OveDC, bOVQgB, EVzlG, XJPUOn, fJvP, mxg, RRt, uNSji, PlLR, hzXs, JOJXl, KSbG, LhPWBg, orO, naSAx, fvQNX, TLRjEj,

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